Di Stefano wrote:
First question: How are you talking about future, without future time?
Often, present tense is used even when talking about future events:
It will rain tomorrow -> Huomenna sataa (= it rains tomorrow).
This of course requires the word huomenna (= tomorrow) because otherwise it would just be present time. So, in this case, future time is indicated simply by the context created by other words in the sentence.
There are some other less common ways like the rather archaic:
Huomenna on satava (it is to rain tomorrow). This you will find mainly in the Bible, no-one uses it in for real.
Then there's also a colloquial version which is a literal translation of the swedish future tense (kommer att hända):
Huomenna tulee satamaan (it comes to rain tomorrow). This is getting more common, even newspapers are using this now. It is not really correct Finnish though and it can cause some hilarious misunderstandings like:
It will rain water tomorrow -> Huomenna tulee satamaan vettä. ( = tomorrow, water will come to the harbor)